Isolation And Its Effects On Its Victims - 3562 Words

Introduction Isolation has been portrayed in numerous texts for hundreds of years and is still a common theme in literature today. Isolation is not only portrayed in literature but also occurs in real life situations . The effect of isolation on its victims is that they try to overcome their state of isolation by finding a way to obtain some sort of companionship, whether it is with an inanimate object, imagination or with an animal. One does not require to be all alone to be isolated as there are different types of isolation, and one that is quite common today is being socially isolated. The four texts that portray one of these subtopics are ‘Cast Away’ directed by Robert Zemeckis, ‘I Am Legend’ directed by Francis Lawrence, ‘Miss Brill’ by Katherine Mansfield and ‘The Bath’ by Janet Frame. Connection One: Victims that are in state of isolation try to overcome it through obtaining some sort of companionship Those that are absolutely secluded from human civilisation tend to mentally change from their previous lifestyle to a new lifestyle as they try to overcome the state of isolation. They do it by trying to obtain some sort of companionship with inanimate object or animals to avert from teetering on the edge of insanity. This idea is conveyed through the films ‘I Am Legend’ directed by Francis Lawrence, ‘Cast Away’ directed by Robert Zemeckis and also in the short story ‘Miss Brill’ by Katherine Mansfield. In ‘I Am Legend’ â€Å"A deadly virus burned through† humanShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Social Media On Teenagers Essay1259 Words   |  6 PagesAlexsandra Rodriguez Professor Alexandra Dragin Rhetoric 102 November 15, 2016 Prompt #1 The Negative Effects Social Media has on Teenagers Social media is defined as â€Å"forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and micro blogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content.† (Merriam-Webster, 2004). Social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube have the attention of millions ofRead MoreSocial Characters In Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck947 Words   |  4 Pagesexist, Of Mice and Men describes of the horrendous effects that isolation has on the lives of the migrant workers living near the Soledad river. 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Factors that Caused the Demographic and Economic Decline...

In 2013, Americans witnessed a slowly sinking ship finally submerge. Once a bustling urban center rife with economic prosperity, the city of Detroit, Michigan filed for the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S history on July 18, 2013 (Fletcher, 2013). Over recent decades, Detroit has been the victim of both economic and demographic decay. To put the magnitude of the city’s desolation in perspective, during the middle of the twentieth century, the city’s population was approximately 1,850,000, making it, at the time, the fifth most populous city in the nation. As of 2013 census data, however, the city has dropped to the eighteenth most populous city, with a population of 701,000, the lowest it has been since the 1910s when the city†¦show more content†¦By examining the relationship between the fall of the city’s industry—chiefly the automotive industry—and racial conflict, this essay serves to highlight the factors that caused both the demographic and economic decline of Detroit in regards to Marxist theory. Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German sociologist and philosopher renowned for his analyses of political economy. According to his theories, capitalism is dependent on exploitation. That is, the working class (the proletariat) works for the owning class (the bourgeoisie), but rather than receive a compensation equivalent to its actual labor, or production value, the working class is underpaid, with a surplus, or profit, pouring into the pockets of the owners. Although the proletariat receives the short end of the stick, so to speak, its members are forced to sell labor power to the bourgeoisie in order to receive wages necessary for survival. Thus, conflict between the owners and workers, known as mutual antagonism, is inherit in the capitalist system, as workers fight for higher wages and shorter working days while owners attempt to combat these demands to maximize profit. Marx’s theory of history, known as dialectical materialism, is focused on the notion that societies evolve through aShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagessocioeconomic circumstances and dynamics rather than standard but arbitrary chronological break points. In the decades that followed the Great War, the victorious European powers appeared to have restored, even expanded, their global political and economic preeminence only to see it eclipsed by the emergence of the Soviet and U.S. superpowers on their periphery and a second round of even more devastating global conflict. The bifurcated international system that resulted from the cold war standoff

Impacts of Turbofan Engine in the Aviation Industry

Question: Discuss about the Impacts of Turbofan Engine in the Aviation Industry. Answer: Introduction Turbofan engine is among the most common type of gas turbine engine used today (Hall, 2015). The first turbofan engine was manufactured by Rolls-Royce Limited in 1950s. The engine had a by-pass ratio is 0.25. In 1960s, Volvo Flygmotor and Pratt Whitney also started manufacturing turbofan engines. Today, these engines are manufactured by different manufacturers, including General Electric, CFM International LEAP, Engine Alliance, and International Aero Engines, among others (Lucintel, 2012). The main motive of developing turbofan engine was to overcome the two main disadvantages of its predecessor, turbojet engine. The disadvantages were: poor fuel efficiency at lower altitudes and poor runway performance. Turbofan engine has successfully overcome these drawbacks of turbojet engine. Therefore turbofan engine was developed so as to replace turbojet engine. Since its invention, turbofan engine has greatly revolutionized the aviation industry by enabling quieter flights and lower fuel c onsumption by aircrafts. The purpose of this report is to discuss various elements of turbofan engine, including its components, operation, advantages and disadvantages. Operation of Turbofan Engine The basic operation of a turbofan engine is similar to that of other turbine engines, where air is drawn into the engine, compressed, mixed with fuel, ignited and exhausted to create thrust that propels the aircraft. The main components of turbofan engines are: fan, compressor, combustor, turbine and nozzle/mixer, as shown in Figure 1 below (Cutler, 2016). These components are similar to those of a turbojet except the fan. In other words, a turbofan engine has similar components to those of a turbojet engine only that the former has a fan. Figure 1: Components of a turbofan engine The fan draws in large amounts of air into the turbofan engine. The air passes through two parts. Some of it flows into the core of the engine where it will be combusted whereas some of the air (called bypass air) is directed via a duct outside the engine core (Chmiel, (n.d.)). The bypass air has three main functions: it generates additional thrust; blankets the exhaust air leaving the engine thus making the engine to produce less noise; and cools the engine. Bypass ratio is the ratio of quantity of air passing outside the core of the engine to the air passing through the engines core (Hall, 2015). According to DutchOps.com (2012), turbofan engines can be classified into two groups based on their bypass ratios: low and high bypass ratio turbofan engine. The air flows through the axial flow compressor, which uses its spinning blades to accelerate the speed of the air and compress it. Stators, which are positioned between compressor blades, converts rotational energy of the air into st atic pressure thus increasing overall air pressure. In addition, the stators straighten the air flow making it ready to move into the succeeding set of spinning blades. The air then enters the combustor where it mixes with fuel and gets ignited. The combustor comprises of several parts, as shown in Figure 2 below (Cutler, 2016). Figure 2: Parts of turbofan engine combustor The diffuser is used for slowing down air entering the combustor from the compressor, which helps in easing the ignition. Swirler and dome are used for increasing air turbulence for easy mixing with the fuel. The fuel injector supply fuel that mixes with the air to create the desired fuel/air mixture. The actual combustion occurs in the liner, which comprises of various inlets for allowing entry of air at different points within the combustion zone. The igniter is used for lighting the fire to start the actual combustion process. After leaving the combustor, the high-speed and hot air passes over the blades of the turbine. The blades draw energy from the air, rotating the turbine and engine shaft that is fixed to it. The same shaft is also connected to compressor and fan hence when the turbine rotates, the compressor and fan also keep on drawing in more air. The nozzle is where the high speed air from the turbine gets exhausted at the back of the engine thus creating a thrust that pushes the airplane forward. This is in accordance with third law of Isaac Newton, which states that for every action force creates an equal reaction force that acts in the opposite direction. Advantages off Turbofan Engine There are several advantages of a turbofan engine. Some of these advantages are as follows: Higher Fuel Efficiency A turbofan engine has a higher fuel efficiency. The engine burns less fuel than most of the other gas turbine engine thus saving fuel costs. In addition, this also reduces the amount of harmful emissions that the engine releases to the atmosphere (Whitfield, 2016). High Thrust A turbofan engine generates very high thrust compared to other turbine gas engines. The high thrust results from the air passing through the engines core and the bypass air (Stratos Jet Charters, Inc., 2010). With the other gas turbine engines, thrust is only generated by air flowing through the engines core. However, turbofan engine generates thrust from the air flowing through the engines core and the extra thrust from the bypass air flowing through the bypass duct. QuieterMotion A turbofan engine is quitter than majority of gas turbine engines. There are two factors contributing to this quietness. First, it is the bypass air that masks the exhaust air leaving the engine thus making the engine quieter. Second, it is the blades tips that are confined inside the turbofan engine casing thus controlling noise levels and preventing noise from leaving the engine casing. These two elements make the aero-acoustic properties of turbofan engines to be greater than most gas turbine engines. Greater Efficiency A turbofan engine is more efficient to control especially when the airplane is flying at low altitudes. This does not only help the pilots to be in more control of the airplane but also improves the overall safety of the persons onboard. Greater speeds A turbofan engine can fly at greater speeds than other conventional airplane engines. One of the factors enabling this is the design of the turbofan engine blades. The blade tips of a turbofan engine are designed to exceed the drag divergence speed. This capability of exceeding the drag divergence speed makes it possible to the turbofan engine to accelerate at very high speeds than most turbine gas engines. No orMinimal Vibrations A turbofan engine produces zero or very minimal vibrations. This has two benefits: it increases the comfort of the cabin crew and passengers, and also increases the longevity of aircraft components (Shields and Carmel, 2013). With less vibrations, it means that the airplane flies smoothly with minimal upheaval. Also, there are less interactions between various components of the airplane components thus reducing the likelihood of wear and tear that could otherwise cause damages and reduce the lifespan of these components. Therefore if maintained properly, turbofan engines are more durable than other gas turbine engines. Short Takeoff Balance Another major advantage of turbofan engines is that they have the capacity to facilitate short takeoff distance. The turbofan engines fan draws large amounts of air into the engine thus generating adequate thrust quickly to propel the aircraft. Therefore airplanes using turbofan engines do not require longer runway distances to takeoff as they can generate sufficient thrust within a very short distance. Disadvantages of Turbofan Engine Despite the many advantages, turbofan engines also have some disadvantages. The key disadvantages are as discussed below Larger Frontal Area The frontal area of a turbofan engine is usually larger and this is mainly because of the large size of the fan. The large frontal area helps in drawing in more air into the engine. However, this large front area usually translates into more weight. In general, turbofan engines are usually heavier than their predecessors turbojet engines. Less Efficient at Greater Altitudes One advantage is that the efficiency of a turbofan engine is greater when the airplane is flying at a lower altitude. However, this becomes a disadvantage when the airplane is moving at a higher altitude. The less efficiency at greater altitudes means that the airplane may be difficult to control and it is likely to start consuming more fuel. Conclusion Turbofan engines have had significant impacts in the aviation industry. The engines comprises of five main parts: fan, compressor, combustor, turbine and nozzle. They generate great thrust through air flowing pass the engines core and bypass air passing through bypass duct. These engines have reduced noise levels of airplane engines, increased fuel efficiencies, reduced fuel costs for many airlines, minimized carbon emissions, and increased fuel speeds. Considering its advantages, many airlines and aircraft owners/operators prefer turbofan engines than any other gas turbine engine. With the current innovative technologies, it is expected that turbofan engines will continue improving the aviation industry in different ways. Works Cited Chmiel, M. (n.d.). How a turbofan engine works. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://homepages.wmich.edu/~msw8680/myppt.pdf Cutler, C. (2016). How Does A Turbofan Engine Work? Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.boldmethod.com/learn-to-fly/aircraft-systems/how-does-a-jet-engine-work/ DutchOps.com. (2012). Engine Types. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.dutchops.com/Portfolio_Marcel/Articles/Engines/Engine_Types.htm Hall, N. (2015). The Turbofan Engine. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/aturbf.html Lucintel. (2012). Global Commercial Aero Turbofan Engine Market, Supply Chain and Opportunities: 2011-2017. Irving, TX: Lucintel. Shields, M. and Carmel, J. (2013). Turbofan Engine Technology Upgrades How Should Suppliers React? Retrieved April 3, 2017. Stratos Jet Charters, Inc. (2010). Jet Charter Engine Basics: Why Turbofan Trumps Turbojets. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.stratosjets.com/2010/06/28/aircraft-engines-101-the-advantages-of-the-turbofan-engine-compared-to-the-turbojet-for-jet-charters/ Whitfield, B. (2016). Turbofan Engine: How It Works. Retrieved April 3, 2017, from https://www.flyingmag.com/how-it-works-turbofan-engine